Alternative Names Return to top
Malignant mesothelioma
Definition Return to top
Malignant mesothelioma is a cancerous tumor of the pleura (lining of the lung and chest cavity) or peritoneum (lining of the abdomen) that is almost always caused by sustained exposure to asbestos.
Causes Return to top
Malignant mesothelioma affects men more often than women. Sustained exposure to asbestos is the biggest risk factor. Symptoms may not appear until 20 to 50 years or even longer after exposure to asbestos.
The average age of diagnosis is 60. The tumor can spread rapidly to involve other nearby areas.
Symptoms Return to top
* Shortness of breath
* Chest pain
* Cough
* Weight loss
Exams and Tests Return to top
* Chest x-ray showing tumor and possibly showing pleural effusion (which may be bloody)
* Thoracic CT
* Cytology from pleural fluid
* Open lung biopsy
Treatment Return to top
When found early, surgery may cure mesothelioma. Having chemotherapy and radiation before the surgery may help increase your chance for a cure.
When the disease is too advanced for surgery, chemotherapy or radiation may be used to reduce symptoms, but a cure is usually not possible.
Combining certain chemotherapy drugs may help decrease symptoms and improve survival.
Consider participating in a clinical trial (test of new treatments), which may give you additional treatment options.
Supportive treatment (such as pain relief and oxygen) may also help to relieve symptoms.
Support Groups Return to top
The stress of illness can often be helped by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems.
See:
* Cancer - support group
* Lung disease - support group
Outlook (Prognosis) Return to top
The average survival time varies from 4 to 18 months. However, your outlook depends on the stage of the tumor and whether surgery is an option.
Possible Complications Return to top
Rapid spread of the tumor to other organs is a complication.
It can be hard to distinguish between this type of tumor and other conditions and tumors of the pleura, even when experienced pathologists are viewing biopsy samples.
When to Contact a Medical Professional Return to top
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of malignant mesothelioma.
Prevention Return to top
Avoid exposure to asbestos.
References Return to top
Mason RJ, Murray J, VC Broaddus, Nadel J. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2005:1994-2002.
Grainger RC, Allison D, Adam, Dixon AK. Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of Medical Imaging. 4th ed. Orlando, Fl: Churchill Livingstone; 2001:339-341; 514-515
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Caring for a mesothelioma patient can be quite challenging — emotionally, physically, spiritually, and financially. Whether you're just beginning to deal with your loved one's mesotheliom treatment or you've been caring for a mesothelioma patient for some time now, it's a good idea to gather all possible tips and helpful information. Your loved one's physician may have given you an idea of what to expect, and as you strive to provide the best possible care, the choice of where your loved one's caregiving will be provided is fundamental.
Where the Nursing Care Will Be Provided
There are a number of options for caring for a mesothelioma cancer patient. Your loved one's health, his or her desires and needs, your own needs, and financial factors will all play a part in the determination of where the patient's medical care will be provided. In addition, the location of the caregiving may need to change as your loved one's condition changes. The places where caring for mesothelioma patients takes place usually include:
* At home — Lots of people prefer to spend the end of their lives with their families, at home. Home care may be a feasible option for the whole term of your loved one's care, or it may be appropriate for just part of the process (for instance, in the early stages of the disease or in the final days). Whether or not your loved one has been cared for in another setting at an earlier point, he or she (and you) may want to have the last days spent at home with family. At-home care can usually be supplemented with professional home-care services, including visiting nurses.
* At a hospital — A significant benefit of hospital care is that doctors, nurses, and emergency equipment are always at hand. As a family member, you may also be able to share in the provision of caregiving for a mesothelioma patient at the hospital.
* With hospice care — Hospice care for a mesothelioma cancer patient can be provided in a number of settings: at the patient's home or another residence, or at a nursing home, or at a specialized hospice center. The purpose of hospice centers is to provide comfort and care to the terminally ill. It is often a more warm and hospitable setting compared to hospitals.
* At a nursing home — A nursing home provides medical care around the clock, and if your loved one with mesothelioma cancer needs nursing care that you are not able to provide, a nursing home can be a good choice. Some mesothelioma patients prefer to use the services of a nursing home in order to take the burden of care from their family members.
Private health insurance, an asbestos cancer settlement, an asbestos trust fund, and Medicaid or Medicare may cover part or all of the nursing care at differing facilities, including the home.
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